SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E
All periodic functions can be evolved into a Fourier series, i.e., they can be divided into
sinusoidal portions. The pulse-shaped current I in can therefore be considered as a
superimposition of a sinusoidal current with the network frequency as the basic frequency
and several sinusoidal currents with integer multiples of this basic frequency. These
currents are called harmonics (harmonic currents).
Reactive power
The sum of all harmonic currents represents a reactive power. In addition to the real
power P the reactive power Q must be provided from the supply network and paid by the
system operator.
The relationship between consumed power (apparent power S), actually provided power
(real power P) and reactive power Q is:
S 2 = P 2 + Q 2
[5]
Apparent power
The apparent power S is the product of the effective current and voltage values. The unit
of the apparent power S is VA (Volt-Ampere):
S= ?·?
[S] = VA
[6]
Power factor
The power factor λ indicates the ratio between the real power P and the apparent power S:
λ =
P
S
[7]
According to formula [5] the power factor λ is reduced with increasing reactive power Q via
the apparent power S.
Basically, there are two different types of reactive power: displacement power and
distortion power. A distinction is made because both reactive powers are generated in
different ways.
3-48
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